1. Eu Slot Allocation Regulations
2. Eu Slot Allocation Regulation Rules
3. Eu Slot Allocation Regulation Definition

ACI EUROPE has today set out its recommendations for a comprehensive overhaul of the EU Airport Slot Regulation – calling for vital and overdue change in the way airport slot allocation is governed. For the most part, the core principles of existing legislation date back some 27 years and are no longer fit for purpose to promote more efficient operations and more effective competition within the aviation industry for the benefit of consumers.
The trade body’s Position Paper on Airport Slot Allocation is underpinned by a comprehensive study undertaken by independent expert Professor Amedeo Odoni of MIT, which analyses the functioning of the EU Airport Slot Regulation. Europe accounts for half of the world’s most congested airports – and the study estimates that up to 10% of slots at these airports may be going to waste each year. This situation is clearly worsening the capacity crunch and hampering competition – thus limiting air connectivity and passenger choice.
The urgency of a review is heightened by the blocking in Council of a Commission proposal made in 2011, which was intended to update the Regulation for a changed market. In the intervening years, the need for reform has become ever more critical. Capacity shortfalls have built up across the European airport network, with limited prospects for new airport infrastructure developments.
Olivier Jankovec, Director General of ACI EUROPE said: “A regulatory regime based upon what the air transport market looked like 27 years ago is not only anachronistic – it is limiting the ability of airports to pursue more sustainable operations, to develop air connectivity for their communities and to promote airline competition for the benefit of consumers. Indeed, under the current rules, airports have no say in the way in which the very infrastructure they are creating and investing in is being used by airlines. This needs to change and the Position Paper we have published today together with the independent research upon which its conclusions are drawn, clearly show the imperative for reform.”
He added: “Our goals are shared ones. Connectivity, sustainability and consumer choice. We urge the European Commission to pursue an ambitious reform of airport slot allocation rules, and trust that Member States and Parliament will heed this call.“
To achieve this reform, ACI EUROPE calls for:

• Greater consideration to be given to airports’ and their regions’ strategic objectives in the slot allocation process
• Increased transparency over slot allocation decisions, in particular the application of secondary allocation criteria
• Broadening of the scope of the ‘New Entrant Rule’, while removing the possibility of abuse by airline groups, so as to guarantee more effective airline competition at airports
• The right for Member States to allow secondary trading of slots should they consider it in the interests of competition and capacity optimisation – with the appropriate safeguards and conditions
• Special provisions to apply for the allocation of slots at extremely congested airports, in the interests of competition, capacity optimisation and the maximisation of economic and social benefits
• The strengthening of the system of historic rights by better balancing the minimum series length, providing a clear definition of force majeure and maintaining a minimum usage requirement
• The introduction of a ‘Slot Reservation System’ so as to incentivise airlines to hand back unused slots for reallocation in a timely manner so as to avoid a waste of airport capacity and suboptimal air connectivity.

Longer term rules for slot allocation are proposed in a draft Council regulation (see P(90)100). This will also cover airports where national authorities are responsible for slot allocation. The block exemption regulation will be kept consistent with this new code and modified as necessary when the Council has reached agreement. The European Commission has recently concluded a proposal to amend Regulation (EEC) No 95/93 on common rules for the allocation of slots at Community airports (the 'EU Slots Regulation') by temporarily relieving air carriers of their obligations under European Union law, with respect to airport slot usage (the 'Proposal'). 4 Such a proposal is.

'For their part European airports are predicting a loss of 67 million passengers in the first quarter of 2020.'¹ Without a doubt, the aviation sector has been one of the sectors most immediately and severely affected by the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 , as evidenced by the dramatic drop in airline passenger numbers. One of the main concerns relates to the liquidity of aircraft operators and airlines but other issues include a surge in passenger claims for both delayed and cancelled flights.² Whether or not a passenger stands to benefit from any form of compensation as a result of a cancelled flight is dependent on the interpretation of the term 'extraordinary circumstances' and accordingly, not only does one case differ from another, but the situation on a given day may be very different just a couple of days later.³

How has the European Union responded?

The European Commission has recently concluded a proposal to amend Regulation (EEC) No 95/93 on common rules for the allocation of slots at Community airports (the 'EU Slots Regulation') by temporarily relieving air carriers of their obligations under European Union law, with respect to airport slot usage (the 'Proposal').⁴ Such a proposal is a response of the European Union to the deteriorating circumstances currently faced by airlines as European air carriers have been forced into grounding aircraft for an uncertain period of time. The Proposal recognises the disadvantages of the current regulatory framework which encourages air carriers to continue to operate empty and unnecessary flights, simply to protect their 'grandfather rights'. Not only does such a sustainability measure contribute to the financial health of air carriers but it also mitigates the environmental impact of ghost flights.

To date, the Proposal is yet to be adopted and is awaiting approval by the European Parliament and Council of the European Union.

How are airport slots currently regulated?

The EU Slots Regulation regulates the manner in which slots located in European Union airports are allocated to air carriers. Presently, the EU Slots Regulation adopts a 'use it or lose it' approach which requires air carriers to operate a certain percentage of their allocated slots or else risk losing their rights to such slots in the future. Accordingly, air carriers must use a minimum of 80% of their allocated slots within a given time period in order to retain such slots in the same period of the following year (these have been termed 'grandfather rights').

How does the Proposal amend the EU Slots Regulation?

The Proposal suggests the replacement of Article 10a of the EU Slots Regulation. The new article includes an assumption that coordinators shall consider the allocated slots 'as having been operated by the air carrier to which they had initially been allocated', notwithstanding that the respective air carrier was unable to meet the 80% requirement. Accordingly, the slots shall be considered to have been operated for the period beginning 1 March 2020 until 30 June 2020. The new Article 10a also provides for the inclusion of an additional, earlier period from 23 January 2020 until 29 February 2020. The date of 23 January 2020 corresponds with the closure of the Wuhan Airport in the People's Republic of China, by the authorities. Likewise, between this period, with respect to slots used for flights operating between the European Union and the People's Republic of China or in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, such slots shall also be considered as having been operated.

However, such a protective measure can only be applied in the context of existing slot allocations and thus with respect to any cases which arise following the application of the said Proposal, the respective slots are to be returned to the slot coordinator.

The same Article 10a also empowers the European Commission to adopt delegated acts should the aviation industry continue to be negatively impacted by virtue of the crisis surrounding the COVID-19 outbreak.

Footnotes

1 Commission, 'Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EEC) No 95/93 on common rules for the allocation of slots at Community airports' COM (2020) 111 final, 1.

2 On this point reference is to be made to Regulation (EC) 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing common rues on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights, and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 295/91 [2004] OJ L46/1.

3 Ibid., Recital 15; '[e]xtraordinary circumstances should be deemed to exist where the impact of an air traffic management decision in relation to a particular aircraft on a particular day gives rise to a long delay, an overnight delay, or the cancellation of one or more flights by that aircraft, even though all reasonable measures had been taken by the air carrier concerned to avoid the delays or cancellations.'

4 Commission, 'Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Regulation (EEC) No 95/93 on common rules for the allocation of slots at Community airports' COM (2020) 111 final.

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